Tarique Khan Javed: ALL PAKHTOON SHOULD BE UNITED WITHIN PAKISTAN

Tarique Khan Javed: ALL PAKHTOON SHOULD BE UNITED WITHIN PAKISTAN: Our westward march must continue! By:Tarique Khan Javed President, Overseas Pakistani Investors Forum Dated 23rd July 2013 Maj...

ALL PAKHTOON SHOULD BE UNITED WITHIN PAKISTAN

Our westward march must continue!

By:Tarique Khan Javed

President, Overseas Pakistani Investors Forum

Dated 23rd July 2013

Major Expansion of  British Empire in 1870s

Major Robert Sandeman, then Commissioner of Dera Ismail Khan and Dera Ghazi, went looking for a cool place near his post and discovered a cluster of Green Mountain on the border of Baluchistan. Within these cluster along the river he found a easy way up and reached KHAR, a small town with abundant water and sizeable population supported by small agriculture base besides large animal husbandry.

Just above KHAR stood a remarkable landmark of high mountain which was later named FORT MUNRO, after the name of the then Governor General of India. Fort Munro had a natural defense and was considered invincible thus became a desirable base and look- out post over Baluchistan to the west.

Contacts with Baluch tribes:

Within his jurisdiction Sandeman had come into contact with Mazari, Laghari,  Bijrani, Golcharani tribes and developed good working relations. The relationship was based on mutual respect. He made sure to show high respect to tribal leaders as he knew that they were key to his success. Generally he found tribes quite peaceful and humble people.

However he was constantly challenged by more warlike tribes of Marri and Bugti who held a sway to the west just below the heights of Fort Munro. They came and raided settled area under Sandeman’s control frequently and looted and killed many. They also raided plains of Sibi and Magsi which was within Khan of Kalat’s State but the Khan was not strong enough to control fierce tribes like Marri and Bugti.

Sitting in Fort Munro, Sandeman developed ideas of taking into control first the Marri and Bugti territory and then taking control of Quetta. He convinced the top policy makers in Delhi and London without much cost based on his experience with tribes he already came in contact with. He put forward the idea that these tribes were very poor and could be easily convinced to come under British Rule if their members were given well paid secured jobs and given grants for securing food supplies and other essentials.

Evolution of  ‘Sandemanian Security System’

He proposed that such large extension of territory may not be that expensive if the Tribes were left alone to manage their villages and ancestral land under their existing SARDARS and WADARAS. While British Government manages few key Towns and the connecting roads. He proposed that in Towns a strong garrison be maintained and Civil Administration be introduced. While the security of connecting roads would be the responsibility of Tribe through which the road was passing. Local militia, of the respective tribe, were supposed to guard their patch of road. Militia members were paid Rs 21 pm at that time and this was considered a very lucrative job, near home.   In was made clear that in case of three violations of agreed terms.  Army from Garrison Towns would come out and collectively punish the treaty breaching tribe, by destroying property and arresting culprits.

This set of security and administrative arrangement was later called “Sandemanian Security System” and became important tool of “British Forward Policy”.

The Great debate:

Numbers of influential officials of the British Empire were of the view that to contain Russian expansion towards India it was prudent to capture as much western territory as possible. However on cost consideration in terms of money and soldiers others opposed this view. Most officials of Punjab and Sindh advised against these proposals of a junior official like Major Sandeman, Commissioner of Derajat.

It is remarkable that Sandeman’s arguments won over opposition of such high officials like Commissioner of Sindh and Governor of Punjab. Perhaps hidden desire of the Crown for more territory coincided with economical expansion proposal of Sandeman.

William Merewether, then Commissioner of Sindh feared that such a policy will be very costly for Britain and spoil the cordial relationship with the Khan of Qalat. Khan of Qalat in consideration of Rupees 100,000 per annum cooperated with the British. Marri and Bugti who raided weaker tribes within Khanate with impunity, besides raiding British territories from time to time, where supposed to be under Khan of Kalat, however the Khan was unable to control them. The behavior of Marri and Bugti tribes gave moral justification of westward expansion. 

British Forward policy and its results:

British Forward policy followed during period 1866 to 1900 was responsible for adding the entire Baluchistan and all mountainous regions of KP into Pakistan.

Prior to initiation of forward policy the British, Sikh and Mughal authority was limited to low lands only while the western mountains were” no go” area.

After getting a nod from high ups in Delhi ignoring old wisdom and current advise ,  Sandeman, decided to enter the forbidden western Marri and Bugti territory, in hot pursuit of tribal raiders. He had a force of just 20,000 Scouts but a heavy purse.

No serious battle took place between British and Marri and Bugti tribes. Small skirmishes ended in tribes fleeing inwards. So Sandemen kept marching till he reached Quetta and captured the Fort of Khan of Kalat.   

Interaction with the tribes soon revealed internal weakness of Khanates politics with each tribal leader intriguing against the other and against the Khan of Kalat. To his surprise Sandeman found people within Khans household and Court who were ready to help him achieve his objective of getting a foot hold in the Khanate for a consideration. Thus in 1876 the Treaty of Mustung was signed which gave Quetta valley to the British, as well a permanent Resident in the Court, with authority to advice on all major issues.

 A Base at Quetta in 1877 and its impact:

For the first time British cantonment was thus established at Quetta, initially with only 300 Sikh soldiers and handful of British Officers. Possession of Quetta valley proved to be immense value as it commanded a huge territory from Bolan Pass to Kojak pass, on the important trade route between India and Afghanistan.  While Baluch accepted this arrangement, as decreed by their Sardars, the independent minded Pakhtoon of area did not accept British presence in their midst. They regularly conducted suicide attacks with swords and simple guns killing Sikh and British soldiers before being killed. Richard Bruce the able assistant of Sandeman mentions in his book’ British Forward Policy and its results’, those attacks happened almost every month.

Pakhtoon resistance and how it was overcome:

As a result of 2nd Afghan war, in terms of the Treaty of Gandamak (1879), with defeated Afghan Ruler Yaqub Khan, Afghan territories of Sibi, Pishan and Kurram  were ceded to the British.

However the accepted wisdom of the time was that the ease at which British influence was established in Baluch area due to their obedience to their Sardar may not be possible in the Pathan areas.

Sandeman and Bruce therefore advanced in these areas with lot of caution and patients. Kakar, Shinwani, Tareens, Orakzia tribes were known for their fighting skills and courage. The most formidable foe of the British however was Sardar Shahjahan of Zhob, who was said to have super natural powers. He claimed to be the rightful Ruler of the Pathan region based on a decree of Amir of Afghanistan.

Sandeman with an overwhelming force first took Lora lai and then moved on Kila Saif Ullah and Zhob. Apart from small encounters no fighting of significance took place and one by one local Chiefs surrendered and offered their close relatives as hostages. When Shahjahan’s fort at Zhob was blown up in front of leading Sardars; they were convinced of military superiority of the British, who already had support of the Baluch. The Pakhtoons agreed to remain peaceful under British rule and till today they have remained so.

Sandeman along with his loyal and able assistant Robert Bruce gradually expanded his authority using military force, diplomacy and above all money.  He extended proper British rule all over present Northern Baluchistan including Zhob, Sibi, Pishan, Chaman, Qila Abdullah, Gulistan, Bustan and Muslim Bagh.

Sandeman’s master stroke won him support from Higher British authorities and Merewether’s concerns were found baseless. In the dyeing days of the empire, addition of such a large territory, made Sandeman stand out among builders of the British Empire.

While another set of Administrators in KP thought it was better to leave all mountainous areas outside British Control and contend with limited control. Northern Baluchistan and KP are both populated by Pathans and the topography is similar yet two different set of administrators thought so differently leading to such different results.

The cost of not absorbing FATA---9/11:

The success in Baluchistan was not followed in KP mainly on the mindset of the Administrators of Punjab who controlled them. Financial consideration also played a crucial role. As FATA region was not expected to yield a positive return in terms of revenue, the additional expense of extending British rule would have been a great burden on Punjab Government.

 The argument that these areas were left out due to fierce resistance of the tribes may also be true to some extent who ever based on Baluchistan experience with equally fearsome tribes and a much more hostile topography this may not be the whole truth. The Toba and Kakar range, Suleimanian range are much higher mountain range than the once in FATA. Except for a small portion of South Waziristan and Parachinar area most of FATA area is low lying and easily accessible compared to Northern Baluchistan. Similarly to suggest that Afridis, Waziries or other FATA tribes are better fighters than the Pakhtoons of Northern Baluchistan is also not fair.

The Pakhtoon of Northern Baluchistan soon released the benefits of British rule and accepted their rule in their best interest and decided to take economic advantage of a peaceful and orderly country rather than resist and linger poverty and misery. The appeal of people like Shahjahan was lost. Shahjahan advocated rebellion in the name of Islam with a view to continue the indirect rule by Amir of Afghanistan. While the British with their advanced technologically promised better life. British Rule soon provided secure and busy trade routes like Bolan and Kojak Pass, better internal Roads, Railways, Telephone and Telegraph, Hospitals and School and above all well paid and secure government jobs. Practical minded Pakhtoon chose British rule over that of a medieval Afghan overlord who not in foreseeable future could deliver these benefits.      

The results are for all to see. While Pakhtoon of Baluchistan are wealthy, educated, healthy and happy lot, people of FATA suffer endlessly.

It may be said that perhaps 9/11 would not have happened if the British authorities had decided to include all of FATA into KP as was urged by the people of the Area and British administrators like Robert Bruce, who was the Political Agent of Waziristan, as his last posting in sub continent.

If Bruce’s recommendations were accepted Waziristan which is the largest part (60%) of FATA could have been included either in Baluchistan or KP. He contended that 56% of the people of the area were property owners and wished that their area be included in Crown area with usual protection of live and property. Bruce contended that a small portion of about 15% people who were property-less and used to banditry wished that their area remain outside the orbit of British rule, so that they may continue their activities unhindered. He also mentioned that the class of Mullahs sided with both sides from time to time and had no character. He considered them source of constant trouble with no integrity in their stand. He thought that these rouge elements could be ignored and wishes of the majority peaceful people should be accepted.

9/11 and its imperatives:

9/11 may be considered a God sent blessing for Pakistan to expand its territory into FATA and perhaps take the rest of Afghanistan’s Pakhtoon belt into Pakistan continuing the west ward march started by Sandeman.

Circumstances have developed whereby either we should secede the entire FATA, Northern Baluchistan and KP to Afghanistan or take away the divided Pakhtoon area into Pakistan. A referendum may be held under UN supervision to decide this. While some may fear that Pakhtoons may opt for Afghanistan, based on Northern Baluchistan history and given my understanding of the pragmatic mindset of Pakhtoon, I am convinced that they will opt for Pakistan. Even if given a choice they will also not opt for an independent Pakhtoonkhwa.  

Conclusion and recommendations:

1.It was the unconventional, eccentric, rebellious behavior of Major Sandeman that Baluchistan is part of Pakistan otherwise its Northern Pakhtoon belt would have been part of Afghanistan and rest Kalat State.

2. The system of administration which Sandeman developed and Bruce implemented in Baluchistan could have easily be copied in all of FATA but it was not done. We have paid a heavy price for leaving FATA unattended and closing 4 key Cantonments of Tank, Wana, Jandola and Ramzak in 1947 as part of deal with Tribal leaders.

3. In 2010 Pakistan army started entering FATA and now 90% area is well within their control. It is recommended that Sandemanian security system be applied there to safe cost and our forces should withdraw to major bases.

4. The westward march started by Sandeman from Fort Munro in 1870s has now reached the current Durrand Line. However for lasting peace in the Region remaining Pakhtoon belt may also be incorporated in Pakistan after a referendum.

5. After the 3rd Afghan War under a treaty Kandahar was handed over to the British and they remained there for sometime before withdrawing to Chaman. Given the fact that Kandahar is the political capital of Pakhtoon in Afghanistan its reincorporation into Pakistan may help bring lasting peace in the Region. It is from Kandahar that all major Pakhtoon Dynasty including Durranis have risen. Mohammadzai tribe has led most of the movements. Incidentally the current Taliban movement also rose from this city. Its occupation under the old treaty is highly recommended. Thereafter incorporation of remaining Pakhtoon territory into Pakistan may be initiated.

6. All Pakhtoon under one flag is very desirable. Pakistan is the obvious choice. They may seek their better future within Pakistan and let the remaining Afghan tribes have Afghanistan.

7. Two thousand histories suggests that coexistence of Pakhtoon with non Pakhtoon tribes as equal or in lesser position as is the case now is impossible. Pakhtoon who have ruled the Country completely for two thousand years with other tribes as subordinates will never accept a lesser position and civil war will continue forever. The best course is to separate them completely. All Pakhtoon as part of Pakistan while remaining tribes live in peace in Afghanistan.

Great three days escape to Fort Munro

 

Fort Munro: The Hill Station of Southern Punjab

By Tarique Khan Javed, President,OPIF

With load sheding at its peaks and temperature reaching 50c it was difficult to stay in the plains of Southern Punjab on 3rd June  2013. So from Mahmud Kot I decided to go to Fort Munro some 200km away. I was sure that mountain range with a peak of 6,457 ft will be much cooler. 

Driving through Sanawa,  Dera Ghazi Khan by pass and  passing the Airport and Ghazi Taractor factory  we reached the Mountain foot at famed Sakhi Sarwar (the generous Saint of Multan). The plains were very hot and dry and  as we approached Sakhi Sarwar the atmosphere became very dusty due to presence of large number of Crushers, processing the stones carried by Mountain river which touch the plains just behind the Shrine. 

  First Day:

Pass the dusty and unbearably hot patch as the road started to ascent air got clearer and temperature started to decrease. After passing big river bed and difficult drive rood started to twist and turn to gain height and suddenly we found ourselves surrounded by very high green mountains.Each scene was worth photographing but a cautioned my campainions to save space to much better scenery waiting further up. The pleasent drive brought us to Town of KHAR on the main road to Baluchistan. A decend from this point brings to platues of Baluchistan (guess around 4,000 ft) with its first town RAKNI. In the past I had passed this point several time on my way to Kholu and Loralia.

The drive from KHAR probably at height of 5000 feet to summit of Fort Munro touching 6,457, 5km away,  was breath taking. After passing some farmland and a crowded bazaaz we started climbing a steep road with high peaks visable due the cone like shape of this mountain.Looking down at the winding road provided best photo opportunity. Finally we reached a cross road where on road went up towards the peak while the other went down towards Anari valley and its adjoining mountains. We decided to proceed up and reached the main Bazaar and found a decent hotel at probably height of 6,000 with a claer view of the valley and lake below. While weather had become enjoyable during the drive the strong cool breeze in the vavanda of the hotel at noon time was some cold that we started to worry about health of childen at night,as we did not come with an warm cloth. The rooms had blanket and after closing the windows spending night was not difficult.

A walk around the peak was very pleasent with good view of Southern valley with large houses and some villages and terrace farming. The Area had colonial era banglows which were not in use.A walk up the steep road towards the peak was not easy for children yet most rewarding for them after they reached the park at the peak.The park at the peak with view on three side was fitted with lots of swings and slides and had number of small shops selling drinks and children refreshments. This spot was photographers paradise with view extending to Baluchistan and surrounding high mountians obstructing view towards Punjab but with worth photographing views of valley, lake and waterfall below. As darkness fell the lights below gave the valleys different glamorous look. The best lighting were of the hotels who had decorated the outside and roofs to attract customers. 

Second Day

Next day we walked deep into the Southern Valley and had great fun with lot of photo oppurtunities. The facing mountains appeared very close and tempting but infact they were very far as we approched towards them. The walk became streanus when we had to climp back yet it was worth the effort as we saw such beauty which we would not have seen if we stuck to the main road. 

The second day of stay was relectivly not that cold during the day; however by evening it attacted huge cloud formation. Our time spent at the peak that evening  was memorable. We could see that it was raining in Baluchistan side and we felt that rain would start anytime, however it did not and clouds cleared by late night.With cold breeze and overcast sky the atmosphere was romantic indeed.

We had dinner at a resturant which had arranged Live mestic music in the form of singer from Multan. He rendered Bhula Shah and Khawja Farid poetry in such devotional style and the audiance was spell bounded.

Third Day:

On the third day of our visit we decided to walk down towards the Anari valley. Decending road was dotted by large number of hotels, some basic some of high quality offering good view of the valley below. A PTDC hotel was located next to a Lake and offered double room with Tv for Rs 2,000 per night. Other hotels in ranged from Rs 300 to 1,500. We reached a point where a Housing scheme was offer plots. Some houses constructed on the steep decline looked odd with one side facing the mountain high while the side facing valley low. Stepped rooms were constructed to avoid huge filling cost. Past the scheme we reached the Lake next to the fall and end of the valley. The lake was formed by constructing a small retaing wall. Water exceeding the wall level reaches the water fall where from water fall some 300 feet below before being swept away. With limited water in the Lake the waterfall was dry. It was being using a firing range. Two locals with their Kalashnikov were inciting people to fire at target they had set some 2000 feet away at a cost of Rs 150 per shout. I shot at one target but missed the other four but not far from the target. Locals assumed I was from Armed forces. 

Drive back with prospect of return to the plain was quite and somber but was also result of the tiredness of the walk some 1000 feet down from our hotel. Back in our so called "Alishan" hotel (costed us Rs 1,500 per night for two rooms with attached bath room) we packed and drove back. I could only afford to stay one night at Mahmud Kot and ran away to more pleasant weather of Karachi.         

Travel Trips:

Going and coming from place like Mahmud Kot to Fort Munru on private van for 2 nights and 3 days cost around Rs 12,000. However the same trip done on public transport would cost just 330 per person. From DGK just for Rs 200 Hi Ace brings visitors to Bazar some 100Km away to the height of 6,000 feet. With plenty of restaurants selling Sajji, Chicken Karhai at almost same price as in the plains the trip is very affordable. Even a room costing Rs 400 will have two double mattress and attach back and good view. 

FATA UPDATE: KHURRAM,ORAKZIA,MAHMUND AND BAJOUR

 

An extended Pakistan has come into existence:

Last year I, managed to go to South Waziristan and Khyber agencies of FATA and wrote extensively on condition there. Attempt to go to North Waziristan did not succeed due to complete ban; although I tried to go there via Bunnu as well as Thul. From 28th May to 2nd June 2013, I visited Khurram,Orakzia,Mahmund and Bajour. Here is an account of these visits:

 Khurram Agency via Orakzai: 

Tale of Sadda and Parachinar:

Hi Ace from Peshawar's Kohat stand took 5 hours to reach SADDA,a major town of Khurram agency via Kohat,Hungu,Doabba,Thul, Alizia. SADDA a bazaar Town is stronghold of SSP and Sunni tribes living in valley from Thul to this point often block the road to Parachinar which is stronghold of Shia tribes. The animosity seems to be complete. Shias are afraid of crossing the Sunni belt while Sunni dare not cross the river to Parachinar the pride of Khurram. 

Sunnis particularly Mangel Tribe members claim that 5% Sunni population in Parachinar was ethnically cleansed and now  not a single Sunni live in Parachinar. I was advised that I should not travel to Parachinar as I was a  Sunni. 

I took their advise and stayed put in Sadda on 28th, but on 29th I noticed that a large number of trucks crossed the River in the morning. Thus in mid day I boarded a shared taxi to Parachinar. Three of my co travellers were Shias who got down on the way, while I and another passenger reached outside Parachinar when FC stopped us and told as to go back as entire Parachinar was under a 72 hours Curfew. About 20 trucks which had passed through Sadda in the morning were stranded at the Check post. No one was allowed in or out. My mobile SIM was blocked when I reached near Parachinar and remained blocked for next 24 hours.

Sadda itself is a piece of Land which has emerged due to silting process. A walk through the fields and riverbank gave a sense of how very small farms are curved out of River bank by making barriers in which the silt gathers and after few months a small farm comes into existence. The endurance and hard work of these farmers is worth praise. With these farms they just earn a basic livilihood but work far more than their counterparts in the plain. One interesting fact that I noticed was that throughout such Regions, smaller tractors with thrashers were in use for harvesting wheat. Step Farms as small as 100-200 yards were being serviced by these machines available on rent on hourly basis. Implying that in this age of Commercial availability of such machine old arguments of having very large farms to be viable is no more valid, thus suggestions of redistribution of Land in plains even to the extent of say 2 acres per family to eliminate poverty may be considered.    

Northern Valleys:

On 30th I took a Taxi to reach Northern Valleys. Civil Hospital and Govt.Schools were located on this road. Massive tent city was also located on this road. The road reached a large lush green mountain and took a turn towards the river and then twisted and turned through one of the most beautiful valley I have ever visited. The big and small trees on the mountains has special shades of green ranging from almost dark to very light. Next to river very small farms were curved out on which only subsistence level farming could take place. 

Plight of Refugees:  

Near HUNGU and SADDA I saw very large refugee camps having camps in thousands.I was told these camps house the displaced tribes as their territory is combed by Military. Under the FC law tribes whose members are found to be involved in terrorist activities or giving shelter to terrorists are collectively punished by uprooting from the homes and forced to live in such camps for years.
Since the start of Rahe Najat in 2010,all across FATA many tribes are living in these conditions.Among all tribes that has suffered in this manner since 2010,Mahsud tribe stands out.As a result of glory and limelight of few like Baitulllah or Hakiullah Mahsud, the entire tribe is living life or normads in Camps near Tank or other towns. Wazirs took advantage and brandished them from South Waziristan.

Jubilation at Political activities

The road was full of banners of different parties as election was postponed in the Area. Besides JUI other parties like JI,PTI and PML N were well represented in the banners. Quite deep in the valley were advised by FC to go back as going further was not safe as military action was going on to take control of remaining peaks.

Scientific border and Military situation:  

White snow covered mountains beyond Parachinar formed the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The high mountain extending close to Torkham and encompasing the western and northern border of Khurram agency and part of Orakzai and Khyber. This is a massive barrier  ,not surmountable by any force. Part of the scientific border created by British. Thus relative low mountains towards Tirah valley and Thorkham are important for terrorist going to Afghanistan. That what makes SADDA so important from Military point of view. It is through here that Military has launched major flanking attack on terrorists in Tirah velley and captured most Western  peaks thus blocking their escape route to Afghanistan.

Hold of Armed Forces on Khurram and Orakzai Agencies:

With a big Army Cantonment at Thul and substantial  FC bases in Alizai and Sadda supported by Khurram Malitia with check point on each important turns the Area seemed to be in full control of armed forces. Local tribes seems disciplined and humbled. One by one taking out tribes and their extended exile from home have made them realize that there is no more point of resisting one of the biggest Army of the World. Shia Sunni conflict has helped them consolidate in Khurram and Orakzia Agency. 

MAHMUND AND BAJOUR AGENCIES:

On 1st June from Charsada stand of Peshawar, it just took 2.5 hours to reach KHAR the center of Bajour agency via Mahmund agency. Drive through farm land and over the Kabul and Swat river gradually brought us the foot of barren and dull mountains of Mahmund. At the Gate of Agency I was asked why I was going to Mahmund by FC personnel. I informed that as a businessman I wish to explore the market and business prospect.After that at number of Check posts mostly manned by Militia I was not asked to show ID but a young Madarsa student (Talib) sitting next to me attracted attention and had to satisfy queries. Hi Ace twisted and turned through sparsely populated areas as we gained height. 

I was told that the road we were travelling on was very close to the border with Afghanistan also that the mountain visible on the left of the road was the border on which in 2011 NATO forces attacked Salala Check post killing 11 Pakistani soldiers. We reached a point were a large Malitia Fort existed and in front of a large market lay raised to the ground. I was told that market was demolished by armed forces as collective punishment. 

The drive through barren mountains ended as we entered the territory of Bajour Agency. As we drove further north maintains become greener and more populated. KHAR the principle Town of Bajour and main market of Mehmund and Bajour was very basic. But it had few banks and agencies. 

From KHAR I decided to go to Mardan via Lower Die instead of returning to Peshawar. This road was better but quite a longer route. It takes 4 hours to reach Peshawar by this route. However the extended travel was worth it because it passed through beautiful valleys and scenic mountains. As we descended towards Dir more populated villages and towns passed by till we reached the main road connecting Chitral and Malakand.  

Hold of Armed Forces on Mehmund and Bajour agencies:

Like Orakzia and Khurram our Armed Forces hold of much smaller Agencies of Mehmund and Bajour is complete. Since 2010 one by one rebellious tribes have been managed and now writ of the State is well established. The Local Malitia and FC supported take care of the Law and order while Army remains aloof. One can comfortably travel to the agencies and trade.The only requirement is original CNIC. With the introduction of Political Party act the people of the Area now feel much closure to Pakistan. Everyone I met favoured full incorporation of the Agencies into Pakistan proper as Districts of KP. They wish to see and end of medieval FC laws scarped and Local Jirgas and Maliks removed. They wish to see proper Courts and Land Registries established and full implementation of Pakistani Laws. 

Conclusion and Recommendation:

Rah e Nigat operation started in Oct 2010 has been the most productive Military operation of Pakistan. It was expanded Pakistan territory and brought major relief to people of FATA after being neglected since 1947. The operation has brought in good roads to nook and corner of the Area and with better Law and order, businesses are coming to the Region. The markets are full of goods and price differences are normal based on transport cost. Huge business opportunity existing in providing Madical services,Education and training, entertainment and construction. Businessman are advised to visit the Region and take part in economic development. US Aid is playing a good role here and other NGOs are requested to be active in the Region.    



 

  
    

Tarique Khan Javed: My challenge to all so called Well wishers of Pakistan

Tarique Khan Javed: My challenge to all so called Well wishers of Pakistan